As is par for the course in the Motor City electro scene, identities are unknown, but the emphasis on precise drum programming and effects sounds barely a year or two removed from the classic electric-funk days of 1982. Dopplereffekt debuted in 1995 with a mini-LP for Detroit's Dataphysix label, then released two EPs for the label during 1997: Infophysix and Sterilization. The countless German references reflect the group's fascination with the classic Kraftwerk sound. After "Sterilization" was included on several mix albums, DJ Hell ed Dopplereffekt and released the Gesamtkunstwerk compilation through his international Deejay Gigolo label in 1999. The alias Japanese Telecom emerged in late 1999 to release the Rising Sun mini-LP through the once Ann Arbor-based Intuit-Solar Records. ~ John Bush